FIRST LANGUAGE ACQUISITION
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Language is a social aspect of human life, because language is the most important means of social communication among the members of society. Without language, it seems impossible for people to communicate smoothly. The development of human civilization is to be resulted from the regular society contact which of course involves the use of language.
First language acquisition is a process that takes place in children’s brain when acquiring their first language. First language stars from the very short and simple utterances-crying, gurgling, cooking, babbling and other.
Learning language mechanism is habit formation in environment. The child will be conditioned by stimuli in order to produce some kind of response. To make the association or bond strong, learning needs practice (over – learning) and reinforcement. In this session the role of environment is very important as source of stimuli and reinforcement. From environment will imitate, memorize, practice and over- learning.
According to J.D.O.Connor (1967; 01) in Better English Pronunciation said that:
“Language starts with the ear. When a baby stars to talk he does it by hearing the sound his mother makes and imitating them “.
So, it can be concluded that Language is habit:
a. Speaking is mouth-action: so, you must use your mouth.
b. Reading is mouth and eye-action: so, you must use your mouth.
c. Listening is ear-action: so, you must use your ear.
d. Writing is hand-action: so, must use your action.
Someone can speak depend on hearing, but just hearing, it is not enough, she or he must listen to it, and it is not for the meaning but for the sound of it. It means that language is habit. Make it habit, she or he will get it. If she or he wants to speak fluently she or he must have habit in speaking. Speaking is mouth-action, being fussy will make better in speaking.
Theories In First Language Acquisition
1. Behavioristic Approach
It is also called empiricist / behaviorism / environmentalist which strongly believes that knowledge that a child gets comes from experience.
It is said that environment plays an important role in the process, as a source of stimuli and reinforcement. The environment shapes/forms/ determines the condition and development of the language. So, a language will be learned from imitation, memorization, practice and over-learning.
2. Nativist Approach
This approach believes that humans are given an innately determined language acquisition since they were born. They have innate capacity that given by God. Human beings possess an innate mental capacity for language. It is different cognitive ability for the other kind of learning that is special language mechanism in which induviduals are hard-wired wit syntactic principles, or grammatical rules. As the nature of language is universal, anybody can learn any language they are exposed to with comparable ease.
The learning process: child is born with language acquisition device (LAD) which is preprogrammed with principles of language that enable children to generate and understand utterences. In this process, the innate capacity plays important role and the environment serves as medium of exposure needed to active the process. The success of producing acceptable form will motivate him/ her to learn further and use the forms more extensively.
3. Interactionist
Focuses on the role of cognition and environment.
a. Cognition
The fluency and accurately and contextually spoken language depends on how fast their brains process to construct all input they go. It began to see the language as one manifestation of cognitive ability and affection ability.
b Social Interaction / environment.
Environment has important role to be success in learning language, because a good environment is not a luxury, but a necessity. It means that learning language needs a habit in environment. So, to be successful in learning language, we must live in area in which the language is used.
Both innate capacities, in this case cognition, and quality of the environment, in this case the quality of language input plays inportant role in the process of language development. Actualization of innate knowledge is in the form of engaging the child in interaction with environment to develop their communicative competence.
The role of environment is to enchance the development beyond the level that the child can afford to do by hm / her own effort.
.
Language is a social aspect of human life, because language is the most important means of social communication among the members of society. Without language, it seems impossible for people to communicate smoothly. The development of human civilization is to be resulted from the regular society contact which of course involves the use of language.
First language acquisition is a process that takes place in children’s brain when acquiring their first language. First language stars from the very short and simple utterances-crying, gurgling, cooking, babbling and other.
Learning language mechanism is habit formation in environment. The child will be conditioned by stimuli in order to produce some kind of response. To make the association or bond strong, learning needs practice (over – learning) and reinforcement. In this session the role of environment is very important as source of stimuli and reinforcement. From environment will imitate, memorize, practice and over- learning.
According to J.D.O.Connor (1967; 01) in Better English Pronunciation said that:
“Language starts with the ear. When a baby stars to talk he does it by hearing the sound his mother makes and imitating them “.
So, it can be concluded that Language is habit:
a. Speaking is mouth-action: so, you must use your mouth.
b. Reading is mouth and eye-action: so, you must use your mouth.
c. Listening is ear-action: so, you must use your ear.
d. Writing is hand-action: so, must use your action.
Someone can speak depend on hearing, but just hearing, it is not enough, she or he must listen to it, and it is not for the meaning but for the sound of it. It means that language is habit. Make it habit, she or he will get it. If she or he wants to speak fluently she or he must have habit in speaking. Speaking is mouth-action, being fussy will make better in speaking.
Theories In First Language Acquisition
1. Behavioristic Approach
It is also called empiricist / behaviorism / environmentalist which strongly believes that knowledge that a child gets comes from experience.
It is said that environment plays an important role in the process, as a source of stimuli and reinforcement. The environment shapes/forms/ determines the condition and development of the language. So, a language will be learned from imitation, memorization, practice and over-learning.
2. Nativist Approach
This approach believes that humans are given an innately determined language acquisition since they were born. They have innate capacity that given by God. Human beings possess an innate mental capacity for language. It is different cognitive ability for the other kind of learning that is special language mechanism in which induviduals are hard-wired wit syntactic principles, or grammatical rules. As the nature of language is universal, anybody can learn any language they are exposed to with comparable ease.
The learning process: child is born with language acquisition device (LAD) which is preprogrammed with principles of language that enable children to generate and understand utterences. In this process, the innate capacity plays important role and the environment serves as medium of exposure needed to active the process. The success of producing acceptable form will motivate him/ her to learn further and use the forms more extensively.
3. Interactionist
Focuses on the role of cognition and environment.
a. Cognition
The fluency and accurately and contextually spoken language depends on how fast their brains process to construct all input they go. It began to see the language as one manifestation of cognitive ability and affection ability.
b Social Interaction / environment.
Environment has important role to be success in learning language, because a good environment is not a luxury, but a necessity. It means that learning language needs a habit in environment. So, to be successful in learning language, we must live in area in which the language is used.
Both innate capacities, in this case cognition, and quality of the environment, in this case the quality of language input plays inportant role in the process of language development. Actualization of innate knowledge is in the form of engaging the child in interaction with environment to develop their communicative competence.
The role of environment is to enchance the development beyond the level that the child can afford to do by hm / her own effort.
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